Uncooked Food regimen For Canines: What 5 New Research Reveal About Well being and Longevit

I’ve been recommending uncooked meals for canines for over 30 years.

For many of these years, I did it as a result of the logic was plain. Canines are carnivores. Their digestive tracts — shorter, extra acidic, designed to interrupt down protein and fats — are essentially completely different from these of herbivores and omnivores. While you look inside a cow’s digestive system and examine it to a canine’s, nature will not be refined. It’s screaming at us: feed this animal what it was designed to eat.

However many canine mother and father and scientists, understandably, need greater than logic—they need proof. They need knowledge.

For a very long time, the peer-reviewed proof on uncooked feeding was skinny. There have been anecdotes — hundreds of them, from guardians who watched their chronically itchy, chubby, sluggish canines remodel after switching to uncooked. There was my very own medical expertise throughout many years of observe. However managed research have been uncommon, pattern sizes have been small, and the analysis group was cautious.

I’m thrilled to inform you: that’s altering.

Between 2021 and 2026, a brand new technology of peer-reviewed analysis has begun to color a clearer image of what uncooked feeding does to a canine’s physique. These usually are not weblog posts or discussion board threads. These are revealed, peer-reviewed research in revered veterinary journals — from the College of Helsinki, from Oklahoma State College, from analysis establishments in Germany and the UK.

Right this moment, I wish to stroll you thru 5 of a very powerful findings. I’ll inform you what they confirmed, what shocked me, what nonetheless worries me, and — most significantly — what you are able to do about it to your canine at present.

The Story That Began Me Considering About This

A couple of years in the past, a guardian named Maria introduced in her seven-year-old Labrador, Bruno. Bruno was chubby — his ribs have been buried below a gentle layer of fats, his eyes have been uninteresting, and he moved like a canine ten years older. He was on a so-called premium, veterinarian-recommended kibble. His bloodwork confirmed mildly elevated blood glucose, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and higher-than-ideal triglycerides.

He eats one of the best meals,” Maria advised me. “My vet says it is full and balanced.”

I requested her what was in it. She learn the label. The third ingredient was corn. The fourth was rice. The fifth was dried beet pulp, and the following was powdered cellulose (i.e., wooden chips!).

Bruno was not sick within the dramatic sense. However he was not thriving both. He was slowly, quietly, metabolically struggling — on meals that was designed to fulfill minimal dietary requirements, to not nourish a carnivore the way in which nature supposed.

Three months after transitioning Bruno to a correctly formulated uncooked weight loss plan — with mineral supplementation to fill gaps, omega-3 assist for his joints and coat, and a brief liver-support protocol throughout the transition — Maria despatched me a photograph. Bruno was taking part in fetch on the seashore. His waist was seen. His eyes have been shiny.

“He seems to be like a pet,” she wrote.

I’ve seen this a whole bunch of occasions. However now, the science is confirming what I’ve witnessed in my clinic and within the properties of canine guardians around the globe.

What the Analysis Is Telling Us

Uncooked-Fed Canines Are Leaner — and the Distinction Is Important

A 2026 medical examine revealed in BMC Veterinary Analysis by von Lindeiner and colleagues is likely one of the most rigorous raw-feeding research thus far. German researchers recruited 104 wholesome canines — 51 fed a uncooked meat-based weight loss plan for a minimum of 12 months, and 53 fed industrial kibble. A veterinarian assessed every canine’s physique situation rating (BCS) in a blinded analysis — that means they didn’t know which group the canine belonged to.

The outcomes have been putting. Uncooked-fed canines had a median BCS of 5 (best), whereas kibble-fed canines had a median BCS of 6 — considerably chubby by medical requirements. That isn’t a small distinction. Weight problems in canines is now probably the most generally identified dietary illness in veterinary observe, and it shortens lives, burdens joints, stresses organs, will increase irritation, and reduces high quality of life in ways in which accumulate silently over years.

What explains the distinction? It comes right down to macronutrients. Uncooked-fed canines acquired solely 5.7% of their energy from carbohydrates. Kibble-fed canines acquired 46%. Canines usually are not designed to reside on carbohydrates. After they do, their our bodies retailer the surplus. The load and a complete cascade of well being points comply with.

I’ve at all times stated this in my clinic: a canine that stays lean all through its life has a essentially completely different well being trajectory than one that’s chronically chubby. This examine offers us the numbers to again that up.

The Metabolic Fingerprint of Uncooked Feeding

In 2025, Dr. Anna Hielm-Björkman and her DogRisk crew on the College of Helsinki revealed a managed intervention examine in The Veterinary Journal that measured blood metabolic markers in canines fed both uncooked or kibble for a mean of 4 and a half months.

The raw-fed canines confirmed:

Decrease fasting blood glucose — much less metabolic stress from dietary sugar

Decrease blood triglycerides — higher fats metabolism

Decrease glucagon — decreased hormonal strain on the liver

Increased ketone our bodies — an indication that the physique is effectively burning fats for gasoline

Decrease TyG index — a validated proxy for insulin resistance that’s utilized in each human and veterinary drugs

That is the metabolic profile of a physique that’s working with its meals somewhat than in opposition to it. Distinction this with the kibble-fed canines, who confirmed the other sample — a metabolic fingerprint related to blood sugar abnormalities and elevated illness danger.

This doesn’t shock me. I’ve been measuring these markers in my sufferers for years. What pleases me is that now I can level to a peer-reviewed examine and say: This isn’t just my opinion. That is biology.

Your Canine’s Intestine Is an Ecosystem — and Food regimen Is the Gardener

In 2024, researchers at Oklahoma State College revealed a superbly designed examine in Frontiers in Veterinary Science that standardized the diets of 55 canines for 28 days — half uncooked, half kibble — after which analyzed fecal microbiome composition and a set of immune and metabolic blood markers.

What they discovered within the intestine was exceptional.

Uncooked-fed canines had considerably increased microbiome range — extra species, extra complexity, extra ecological richness within the intestine. They’d increased ranges of fecal IgA, IgG, and intestinal alkaline phosphatase — three markers of native intestine immune operate that shield the intestinal lining, neutralize bacterial toxins, and regulate the connection between the immune system and the trillions of microbes that reside within the intestine.

Right here is why I discover this so significant. Seventy to eighty % of the immune system lives in and across the intestine. When the intestine ecosystem is wholesome — numerous, balanced, well-defended — the immune system is calmer, extra clever, and extra able to distinguishing actual threats from innocent ones. When it’s disrupted — decreased range, weakened immune defences — the immune system turns into reactive, confused, and hyper-responsive. That’s the organic foundation of allergy symptoms, persistent irritation, and lots of the circumstances I see each single day.

A separate 2025 systematic overview revealed in PMC confirmed: weight loss plan is the one strongest driver of intestine microbiome composition in companion animals. Greater than genetics. Greater than atmosphere. Greater than remedy historical past. What your canine eats at present is actually reshaping the ecosystem inside them.

What You Feed a Pet Shapes Their Well being for Life

That is maybe the discovering that strikes me most deeply, as a result of it speaks to prevention — one of the best type of drugs.

The DogRisk analysis group on the College of Helsinki, led by Dr. Anna Hielm-Björkman, adopted hundreds of Finnish canines from puppyhood via maturity and tracked their diets utilizing validated meals frequency questionnaires. They revealed two landmark research — one in 2021 within the Journal of Veterinary Inside Medication on allergy and atopy, and one in 2023 in Scientific Studies on persistent enteropathy.

The findings have been constant and compelling.

Canines that have been fed greater than 20% uncooked meals throughout puppyhood had considerably decrease odds of growing allergy and atopic pores and skin indicators as adults. Canines fed largely dry kibble — particularly heat-processed, ultra-processed formulations — had increased odds. Uncooked tripe, uncooked organ meats, omega-3 oil dietary supplements, and human meal leftovers throughout that important 2–6 month window have been among the many most protecting meals.

The second examine discovered that uncooked bones and cartilage, non-processed meat-based meals, and human leftovers throughout puppyhood and adolescence have been related to considerably decrease charges of persistent enteropathy — inflammatory intestine illness — in maturity. The protecting impact of uncooked bones and cartilage really elevated the extra incessantly they got.

I take into consideration this each time a guardian brings in a brand new pet and asks me what to feed. That pet’s immune system is being educated proper now. The intestine microbiome is being constructed proper now. The inflammatory set-point is being calibrated proper now. What you set within the bowl in these first months issues in ways in which prolong far into the longer term.

The Pores and skin Speaks — and Uncooked Meals Speaks Again

In 2020, researchers from the DogRisk group revealed a gene expression examine that I nonetheless discover fascinating. They took wholesome and atopic (allergy-prone) Staffordshire Bull Terriers, assigned them to both a uncooked red-meat weight loss plan or a industrial kibble weight loss plan for 3 weeks, after which analyzed gene expression in pores and skin biopsies utilizing microarray know-how.

The kibble-fed canines confirmed a pro-inflammatory gene expression profile within the pores and skin. The raw-fed canines confirmed an anti-inflammatory profile — with improved lipid metabolism within the pores and skin barrier, enhanced innate immune operate, and decreased oxidative stress markers. These modifications have been seen on the degree of particular person genes, in a well-defined tissue.

This isn’t an anecdote. That is molecular biology confirming what guardians have noticed for many years: raw-fed canines have higher pores and skin and coats. Their our bodies are much less infected at a mobile degree.

The Half I Should Be Trustworthy About

I imagine deeply in uncooked feeding. However I additionally imagine in honesty — and in supplying you with the whole image in an effort to make one of the best choices to your canine.

Here’s what the identical analysis reveals that you could take significantly.

Uncooked diets are incessantly nutritionally incomplete. The 2026 von Lindeiner examine discovered that raw-fed canines had considerably decrease blood ranges of iodine, zinc, copper, manganese, and vitamin E — all important vitamins which are generally poor in uncooked diets, even well-intentioned ones.

A separate 2025 evaluation of commercially ready uncooked canine meals discovered that almost all merchandise failed to fulfill established mineral tips — notably calcium, iodine, zinc, and vitamin D. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in uncooked diets incessantly falls beneath the advisable 1.4, which issues for bone well being, cardiac operate, and mobile signalling.

This isn’t a cause to keep away from uncooked feeding. It’s a cause to complement intelligently.

I created GreenMin particularly to deal with this hole — a whole-food, marine algae-based mineral complement that gives bioavailable calcium, iodine, zinc, copper, manganese, and different hint minerals in a type that mirrors what canines would acquire from entire prey in nature. This isn’t an artificial salt formulation. It’s food-based diet designed to finish the uncooked weight loss plan the way in which nature supposed.

Equally, uncooked diets — particularly these heavy in pink meat — are typically excessive in arachidonic acid (omega-6 fatty acid). A 2024 examine discovered raw-fed canines had 5 occasions the arachidonic acid consumption of kibble-fed canines.

This isn’t inherently dangerous, however it have to be balanced with enough omega-3 fatty acids to keep up the anti-inflammatory equilibrium the physique wants. For this reason I formulated FeelGood Omega — a clear, sustainably sourced calamari oil that gives DHA and EPA with out the oxidation issues of typical fish oil.

Microbial security is an actual consideration. Much like cooking meat for human consumption, commonsense dealing with practices will vastly cut back the danger of gastrointestinal an infection from uncooked weight loss plan feeding, particularly once we take note of correct sourcing, clear preparation surfaces, handwashing, and commonsense care.

In 30 years of feeding and recommending a uncooked weight loss plan, I’ve had no purchasers reporting an an infection brought on by feeding a uncooked weight loss plan.

The place Does This Go away Us?

The science on uncooked feeding continues to be younger. Much like folks, feeding our canines healthful, unprocessed meals brings clear advantages. Nonetheless, up to now, nobody has invested the money and time right into a long-term randomized managed trial measuring lifespan, most cancers incidence, or organ illness throughout hundreds of canines. That examine has not been finished — and it might be years earlier than it’s.

However here’s what we do have. A number of unbiased analysis groups, on a number of continents, utilizing completely different methodologies, have constantly discovered that correctly formulated uncooked diets are related to:

Considerably leaner physique composition.

Extra favorable metabolic markers, together with blood glucose, lipids, and insulin sensitivity which are recognized to be linked to higher well being and longevity.

Higher intestine microbiome range and stronger native intestine immune operate.

Decrease charges of allergy and atopy when fed throughout puppyhood.

Decrease charges of persistent enteropathy when fed throughout youth.

Anti-inflammatory gene expression in pores and skin tissue.

The proof is constant. The organic mechanisms make sense. And the medical expertise of hundreds of practitioners and thousands and thousands of canine guardians around the globe aligns.

Uncooked feeding will not be a pattern. It isn’t a fringe thought. It’s diet as nature supposed.

Find out how to Begin — or Restart — With Confidence

In case you are already feeding uncooked, I encourage you to make sure the inspiration is full.

You should use my Free Wholesome Canine Meals Recipe Maker that may assist you feed a balanced pure weight loss plan in the correct quantity.

I additionally counsel you discover the FAB4 important dietary supplements, the identical ones I give to my canine Pax and supply to my purchasers and sufferers.

Here’s a quick abstract of what they’re and what they do:

GreenMin — An entire-food mineral complement constructed round two extraordinary substances: Alga Calcarea, a mineral-dense seaweed harvested from chilly Atlantic waters, and Spirulina, one of the vital nutritionally full meals on earth. Collectively, they supply calcium and the complete mineral spectrum that depleted soil can not reliably ship.

FeelGood Omega — Excessive-quality omega oils for pores and skin, coat, joints, mind, anti-inflammatory impact and mobile well being. Omega deficiency is common in canines consuming processed meals, and the distinction if you tackle it’s normally seen inside weeks.

SoulFood — A fermented whole-food multivitamin vitamins, and the form of broad organ assist that’s almost unattainable to get from trendy meals alone. Fermentation issues right here — it will increase bioavailability by 5 to seven occasions in comparison with customary supplementation.

GutSense — An authorized natural prebiotic, probiotic, and postbiotic complement for full intestine well being and immunity. GutSense delivers all three parts a wholesome intestine really wants: natural prebiotic herbs to feed useful micro organism, 9 canine-specific probiotic strains, and lots of useful postbiotic compounds that assist anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. When the intestine is wholesome, every little thing good follows naturally.

GreenMin to shut the dietary hole that even well-designed uncooked diets constantly depart.

In case you are simply beginning out, don’t be overwhelmed. Use the Recipe Maker and start merely. One protein. One organ meat. Contemporary bones a number of occasions every week. A very good mineral complement. A clear omega-3. Construct from there.

And in case your veterinarian is skeptical, that’s okay. Respectfully invite them to have a look at the research I’ve referenced right here. Usher in your canine’s subsequent blood panel and let the numbers communicate for themselves. Progress, not perfection, is how we transfer ahead collectively.

A Ultimate Thought

I’ve been working towards veterinary drugs for over 35 years. In that point, I’ve watched the dialog about pet food shift from ‘simply purchase the vet-recommended model’ to one thing way more nuanced, extra knowledgeable, and extra empowering.

The science is catching as much as what many people have recognized for a very long time: canines are carnivores, healthful, non-processed meals is drugs, and the bowl is likely one of the strongest instruments we’ve got.

You don’t want an ideal weight loss plan tomorrow. You want a greater course beginning at present.

Your canine is relying on you — and now you will have the science to again you up.

With love for you and your canine,
Dr. Peter Dobias, DVM

Continuously Requested Questions (FAQ’s)

What are the confirmed well being advantages of a uncooked weight loss plan for canines?

Research present raw-fed canines have considerably decrease physique situation scores (leaner physique composition), higher composite medical well being scores for pores and skin, coat, and ear well being, extra numerous intestine microbiome, and extra favorable metabolic markers together with decrease blood glucose and decreased insulin resistance proxy scores. These findings come from a number of peer-reviewed research revealed between 2021 and 2026.

Is a uncooked weight loss plan protected for my canine?

For wholesome puppies and grownup canines, proof helps uncooked diets are usually protected and related to many well being advantages. Secure dealing with practices, correct formulation, and high quality supplementation is vital. Canines who’re immunocompromised could contemplate a cooked weight loss plan in its place.

How do I transition my canine from kibble to uncooked? Ought to or not it’s gradual?

There’s actually no must steadily change, until your canine has been identified with a situation that compromises the digestive tract and the immune system. Solely in such circumstances do you have to make the change steadily by stopping the kibble, introducing cooked meat and greens, and ultimately feeding 100% uncooked.

Be aware: If you don’t really feel comfy with uncooked meat, prepare dinner it and add uncooked blended or chopped veggies.

What dietary supplements does a raw-fed canine want?

This is likely one of the most vital questions — and the science is obvious that even well-intentioned uncooked diets constantly fall quick in key vitamins. A number of research verify uncooked diets are generally poor in calcium (particularly the Ca:P ratio), iodine, zinc, copper, manganese, vitamin D, and vitamin E. A complete mineral complement like GreenMin (algae-based, extremely bioavailable) instantly addresses these gaps. FeelGood Omega offers the important omega-3 fatty acids that uncooked diets — particularly red-meat-heavy ones — could not provide in the precise ratio.

Does uncooked weight loss plan assist with canine allergy symptoms and itchy pores and skin?

A big Finnish examine discovered that canines fed greater than 20% uncooked meals as puppies had considerably decrease odds of growing allergy/atopy pores and skin indicators as adults. A gene expression examine discovered that uncooked diets shift pores and skin immune pathways towards anti-inflammatory and antioxidant exercise. Uncooked-fed canines additionally confirmed higher integument (pores and skin/coat) scores in blinded veterinary assessments. Whereas definitive cause-and-effect proof continues to be pending, the proof course strongly suggests uncooked diets assist a more healthy pores and skin immune atmosphere.

Can I feed my pet a uncooked weight loss plan?

Sure, with cautious consideration to dietary steadiness. DogRisk analysis from the College of Helsinki reveals that puppies fed extra uncooked, non-processed meals had considerably decrease odds of allergy, atopy, and persistent enteropathy later in life. The important dangers for puppies are calcium deficiency (bones are forming) and pathogens. Supplementation with a bioavailable mineral complement like GreenMin is particularly vital throughout the fast progress part.

What does a uncooked weight loss plan do to my canine’s intestine microbiome?

A 2024 Oklahoma State College examine discovered that raw-fed canines had a considerably extra numerous intestine microbiome and better ranges of fecal IgA, IgG, and intestinal alkaline phosphatase — markers of a stronger native intestine immune defence. The microbiome composition additionally differed distinctly, with raw-fed canines displaying increased Fusobacteria abundance and completely different Firmicutes profiles. Food regimen is now acknowledged as the one strongest driver of microbiome composition in canines.

Will my canine shed pounds on a uncooked weight loss plan?

Proof constantly reveals raw-fed canines have considerably decrease physique situation scores than kibble-fed canines. In the newest 2026 medical examine, RMBD-fed canines had a median BCS of 5 (best) vs. 6 (barely chubby) for kibble-fed canines (P<0.001). Uncooked diets present fewer carbohydrates and extra protein — macronutrient profiles constantly related to more healthy physique composition. This isn’t about restriction; it is about feeding meals the physique metabolizes extra effectively.

Does uncooked weight loss plan assist with persistent intestine points like IBD or enteropathy?

Observational analysis from the College of Helsinki discovered that feeding uncooked bones and cartilage, non-processed meat-based meals, and human leftovers throughout puppyhood and adolescence was related to considerably decrease incidence of persistent enteropathy in maturity. That is compelling population-level knowledge, although not a medical trial. The intestine microbiome findings from 2024 — displaying enhanced native intestine immunity in raw-fed canines — present a believable mechanism. GutSense probiotic assist enhances uncooked feeding for canines with present intestine points.

My vet is in opposition to uncooked feeding. How do I’ve this dialog?

Respectfully acknowledge your vet’s issues. Then current the a number of peer-reviewed research from 2021–2026 present considerably higher physique situation scores, intestine microbiome range, pores and skin well being, and metabolic markers in correctly fed uncooked canines. The important thing phrase is “correctly formulated” — present your vet you’re supplementing with evidence-informed merchandise. Asking for a dietary blood panel to watch mineral ranges collectively is a constructive bridge.

How do I make sure that my uncooked weight loss plan has sufficient calcium and minerals?

That is the place most uncooked diets fail — even commercially ready uncooked meals. A 2025 Scientific Studies examine discovered many pre-made uncooked merchandise nonetheless don’t meet mineral tips. The Ca:P ratio in uncooked diets usually falls beneath the advisable 1.4, and iodine, zinc, copper, manganese, and vitamin D are constantly low. Including a high-quality, bioavailable mineral complement — particularly one derived from whole-food sources like marine algae — is the best resolution. GreenMin is formulated particularly for this objective.

Does uncooked feeding enhance blood markers and metabolic well being?

A 2025 College of Helsinki intervention examine discovered raw-fed canines had decrease blood glucose, decrease blood lipids, decrease glucagon, increased ketone our bodies (indicating wholesome fats burning), and a decreased TyG index (a proxy for insulin resistance). These metabolic markers collectively counsel uncooked diets assist a metabolically more healthy state — much like what human analysis reveals for low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets. Business kibble, in contrast, is primarily carbohydrate-based, which elevated metabolic danger markers in the identical examine.

What’s the best protein-to-fat-to-carbohydrate ratio in a uncooked weight loss plan?

Research of naturally formulated uncooked diets present roughly 50–54% of energy from protein, 28–43% from fats, and fewer than 6% from carbohydrates — in comparison with kibble which frequently offers 27% protein, 15% fats, and 46% carbohydrates. This high-protein, high-fat, low-carbohydrate profile is per what wolves and ancestral canines devour, and corresponds with the favorable metabolic and physique composition outcomes noticed in research. Particular person canines could have completely different wants primarily based on life stage, exercise degree, and well being standing.

Does uncooked weight loss plan cut back the danger of persistent ailments later in life?

Inhabitants-level knowledge from the College of Helsinki DogRisk group suggests early uncooked feeding is related to decrease odds of two widespread persistent ailments — atopy/allergy and persistent enteropathy. Gene expression research present uncooked diets shift immune and inflammatory pathways in favorable instructions. Whether or not this interprets to measurable illness discount in well-controlled long-term trials stays a very powerful unanswered query on this subject. Present proof is strongly suggestive however not but definitive.

Does uncooked meals enhance the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, or does it make it worse?

That is an underexplored however vital query. Crimson-meat-heavy uncooked diets are typically excessive in arachidonic acid (omega-6), which may be pro-inflammatory in extra. A 2024 examine discovered RMBD canines had 5x higher arachidonic acid consumption than kibble canines — which isn’t inherently unhealthy, however have to be balanced with enough omega-3 consumption. That is precisely why a high-quality, clear omega-3 complement is vital for raw-fed canines. FeelGood Omega (calamari oil, sustainably sourced) offers DHA and EPA with out the oxidation dangers of conventional fish oil.

My vet says uncooked causes salmonella — how do I reply?

Your vet’s concern is scientifically legitimate — uncooked diets do carry a better bacterial load, and Salmonella, Campylobacter, and drug-resistant micro organism have been documented in uncooked pet meals and the feces of raw-fed pets. The related query is: what’s the precise danger of medical sickness in wholesome canines and their handlers? Proof suggests contamination is widespread however medical illness in immunocompetent people is uncommon. Secure dealing with (gloves, separate prep surfaces, hand-washing), sourcing from respected suppliers, and guaranteeing human family members usually are not immunocompromised reduces danger meaningfully.

Does uncooked feeding assist canines with yeast overgrowth?

Yeast thrives on sugar and easy carbohydrates. Business kibble is usually 30–46% carbohydrate — a major dietary substrate for yeast. Uncooked diets, with lower than 6% carbohydrates, theoretically create a much less hospitable atmosphere for systemic yeast overgrowth. Whereas no managed examine particularly examines uncooked feeding and yeast in canines, the mechanistic rationale is powerful and per Dr. Dobias’ medical observations. GutSense probiotic assist helps preserve a balanced microbiome that competes with yeast populations.

References cited on this article:

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Holm S, Hielm-Björkman A et al. The impact of a kibble weight loss plan versus a uncooked meat-based weight loss plan on vitality metabolism biomarkers in canines. Vet J. 2025;314:106462. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023325001662

Hiney Okay et al. Fecal microbiota composition, serum metabolomics, and markers of irritation in canines fed a uncooked meat-based weight loss plan. Entrance Vet Sci. 2024;11:1328513. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1328513/full

Hemida M, Hielm-Björkman A et al. Puppyhood weight loss plan as an element within the improvement of owner-reported allergy/atopy pores and skin indicators in grownup canines. J Vet Intern Med. 2021;35(5):2252–2263. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8478020/

Anturaniemi J, Hielm-Björkman A et al. The impact of puppyhood and adolescent weight loss plan on the incidence of persistent enteropathy in grownup canines. Sci Rep. 2023;13:2258. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-27866-z

Anturaniemi J, Hielm-Björkman A et al. The impact of atopic dermatitis and weight loss plan on the pores and skin transcriptome in Staffordshire Bull Terriers. Entrance Vet Sci. 2020;7:552251.

Evaluation of mineral adequacy in preprepared uncooked canine meals. Sci Rep. 2025. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-27388-w